Retinal Detachment

What Is Retinal Detachment?

Retinal detachment is the separation of the retina — the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye — from its underlying supporting tissue, the choroid. Once separated, the retina no longer receives adequate nourishment and oxygen, which can rapidly impair its function. Retinal detachment is a serious eye condition that requires urgent evaluation and, in most cases, urgent treatment.

What Are the Types of Retinal Detachment?

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

This is the most common type. It develops when fluid passes through a tear or hole in the retina and accumulates beneath it. It is often associated with age-related vitreous changes, high myopia, or trauma.

Tractional Retinal Detachment

This occurs when scar tissue on the retinal surface pulls the retina away from its position. It can be seen in conditions such as advanced diabetic retinopathy.

Exudative Retinal Detachment

This type is characterised by fluid accumulation beneath the retina without a tear or hole. It may be associated with certain inflammatory or vascular conditions.

What Are the Symptoms of Retinal Detachment?

• Sudden flashes of light (photopsia)
• A marked and sudden increase in floaters
• A curtain, shadow, or dark-area sensation over part of the visual field
• Sudden and progressive blurring of vision

If any of these symptoms occur, prompt consultation with an ophthalmologist is recommended.

Who Is More Likely to Develop Retinal Detachment?

The following factors can increase the risk of retinal detachment:

• High myopia (strong glasses prescription)
• Previous cataract surgery
• History of eye trauma
• Family history of retinal detachment
• Advanced diabetic retinopathy
• Previously identified weak areas or tears in the retina

How Is Retinal Detachment Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made through a dilated eye examination. When needed, additional imaging methods such as ultrasonography may be used, particularly in cases where vitreous haemorrhage or other factors make direct visualisation difficult.

How Is Retinal Detachment Treated?

The treatment method is determined based on the type, extent, and duration of the detachment, and whether the macula is involved.

Pneumatic Retinopexy

A gas bubble is injected into the eye to help reposition the retina; the tear is usually supported with laser or cryotherapy.

Scleral Buckling

A silicone band is placed on the outside of the eye wall to help bring the retina back into contact with its underlying supporting tissue.

Vitrectomy Surgery

The vitreous gel inside the eye is removed to allow the retina to be repositioned and flattened. A temporary gas bubble or silicone oil tamponade may be left in the eye at the end of the procedure.

The choice of method is determined by the doctor based on the patient’s clinical condition.

What Is the Recovery Process Like After Retinal Detachment Treatment?

• A specific head positioning may need to be maintained for a period after treatment, especially when a gas tamponade is used
• Visual clarity may improve gradually; full recovery can take weeks to months
• Air travel should not be undertaken without a doctor’s approval while a gas bubble remains in the eye
• Regular follow-up examinations are necessary to monitor the healing process

What Happens if Retinal Detachment Is Left Untreated?

Untreated retinal detachment can lead to progressive and often permanent vision loss in the affected area of the retina. Early recognition of symptoms and urgent evaluation directly affect the chance of preserving vision.